THE SOUTHWORTH ASTRONOMER

March 8, 2024

Eclipse Series III:  The Time Table

ONE MONTH UNTIL THE TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE!

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DA...WA....SA?

The Daily Astronomer transmuted into the Wandering Astronomer and has now become the Southworth Astronomer? Yes. I'll be taking the Wandering Astronomer with me to Newfoundland. The Southworth Astronomer will remain here at the Southworth Planetarium in Portland.  My soon-to-be-selected replacement will then become the Southworth Astronomer.    I foresee no further transmutations, unless, of course, my replacement decides to post an article every day...

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Now that we are merely one month away from what may well prove to be the most spectacular celestial event of the century, we can resume our eclipse series.       I thank you all for your patience as I muddle through my own personal transition.

Today we focus on the time table:  what observers at certain locations will see and when they'll see it.     We know that the April 8th eclipse will not be total in southern Maine.  However, more than 90% of the Sun will be blocked by the moon at maximum.     Although the corona won't emerge and we won't be able to admire the fine array of Bailey's Beads, the sky will still darken considerably and should command the attention of all but the most obstinately terrestrial of us.

PORTLAND

We'll start here, at the epicenter of the Milky Way Galaxy.

The eclipse will begin at 2:17:55 p.m.    One will observe the faintest hint of a shadow along the Sun's limb: like an malevolent apparition loitering along one's periphery. (Or perhaps not).

The eclipse will be maximum at 3:31 p.m.    The magnitude will equal 0.964.     This value means that the moon will block 96.4% of the Sun's diameter.   Obscuration refers to the percentage of the Sun's area the moon blocks.       When the magnitude exceeds 0.93 it begins to converge with obscuration.  The moon will cover about 96% of the Sun's area, reducing its brightness to about 2.5% of its usual intensity.     HOWEVER:    do not remove your eclipse glasses even at maximum!     They can only be safely removed when the eclipse is total!

The eclipse ends at 4:39:47 p.m.    The subtle darkness along the Sun's limb vanishes and the eclipse draws to a close.    By this time, however, the crowds might have long since dissipated.  

BANGOR

Eclipse begins at 2:20:28 p.m.  Notice that even the distance of 150 miles will make a difference in the timing.    The eclipse begins about two and a half minutes later in Bangor than Portland.

The eclipse will be maximum at 3:32:55 p.m.   Eclipse magnitude 0.987.    Bangor will be closer to the totality path than Portland and so the eclipse magnitude value will be higher.   Approximately 99% of the Sun's area will be blocked at maximum, which will reduce the Sun's intensity to 1% of its usual value.  HOWEVER:    do not remove your eclipse glasses even at maximum!     They can only be safely removed when the eclipse is total!

Eclipse ends at 4:40:44 p.m.    Again we see the time difference between Portland and Bangor.

HOULTON

Now we venture into the totality path, a region we'll explore in greater detail in the next post.

Eclipse begins at 2:22:15 p.m.   Notice again the time difference as we proceed north

Totality begins at 3:32:06 p.m.  Here we see a line that did not appear in the Portland or Bangor sections.    At this moment the moon completely blocks the Sun.  In a later series article, we'll explain what an observer will see at totality    YES: you may remove your eclipse glasses during totality.   Just be sure to put them back on before totality ends!

 

Maximum:  3:33:46 p.m. The moment at which the Sun is at its most hidden.  

Totality ends at 3:35:25 p.m.   At this moment the first sliver of the Sun appears. Notice that totality only lasts 3 minutes and 19 seconds.   The closer one is to the central path, the longer the totality period will be.     Mathematically, the longest total solar eclipse will last 7 minutes, 31 seconds.**

Eclipse ends at 4:41:04 p.m.

The timing, magnitude and duration is all a matter of location.    Even small distances can account for measurable time differences.      To calculate the circumstances at your location, consult the splendid web-site   timeanddate.com

As the proverb states, "Wherever you go, there you are."

Next time: Up, down and all around the totality path

*If it is any consolation, the next total solar eclipse visible in Maine on May 1, 2079 will be total down here.

**The April 8th eclipse is part of Saros Cycle 139.    Another Saros 139 eclipse, one occurring on July 16, 2186, will produce the longest totality period on record:   7 minutes, 29 seconds, tantalizingly close to the theoretical maximum.     Such long eclipses can only occur when Earth is at or close to aphelion, its point of greatest distance from the Sun, and along the equator.