Whatever one wishes to make of them, these quotation fit into our discussion of Pound's attitude towards workers; they may help us to understand better the genesis of the "factory music" idea: "If you don't believe that Mussolini is driven by a vast and deep "concern" or will for the welfare of Italy, not Italy as a bureaucracy, or Italy as a state machinery stuck up on top of the people, but for Italy organic, composed of the last ploughman and the last girl in the olive-yards, then you will have a great deal of trouble about he un-Jeffersonian details of his surfaces." JEFF and/ or MUSS, Ch. 6, "Intelligentsias" (publ. 1935) Pound objects to the stalinist notion of workers as "material". The liberal version of this dehumanizing concept, he says, is to regard workers as as only so much "labour". In the broadcasts, he refers several times to the slave labor camps in Russia, as described by cummings in EIMI. He says that loan-capital is the cause of the dehumanization, and that both the demo-liberal and stalinist regimes are corrupted by it. In _ANTHEIL and the Treatise on Harmony_ (publ. 1927) he writes: "As for the machine shop, the boiler works, Antheil has opened the way with his _Ballet Mechanique_; for the first time we have a music, or the germ and start of a music that can be ap- plied to sound regardless of its loudness. The aesthete goes to a factory, if he ever does go, and hears _noise_, and goes away horrified; the mu- sician, the composer hears noise, but he tries to (?) "see" (no, no), he tries to _hear_ what kind of noise it is." " 'Music' as taught in the academies deals with the organization of smallish bits of sound, of sounds having certain variations inside the sec- ond, organized into forms, or bits of form having differences inside a minute or ten minutes, or, if the 'great forms,' half an hour. But with the grasp of the _longer durations_ we see the chance of time-spacing the clatter, the grind, the whang-gang, the gnnrrr, in a ma- chine shop, so that the eight-hour day shall have its rhythm; so that the men at the machines shall be demechanized, and work not like robots, but like the members of an orchestra. And the work will benefit, yes, the overlords needs [sic] not worry; a half-minute's silence here and there, the long pause of the lunch hour dividing the two great halves of the music, this will not diminish the output or pegiorate the quality of the product." Tim Romano